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''The Washington Times'' is a daily broadsheet published at 3600 New York Avenue NE, Washington, D.C., United States. It was founded in 1982 by the founder of the Unification Church, Sun Myung Moon and was owned by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the church, until 2010 when it was purchased directly by a group led by Moon. ==History== ''The Washington Times'' was founded in 1982 by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the Unification Church which also owns newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International. Bo Hi Pak, the chief aide of church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board.〔Pak was founding president of the Washington Times Corporation (1982-1992), and founding chairman of the board. Bo Hi Pak, Appendix B: Brief Chronology of the Life of Dr. Bo Hi Pak, in ''Messiah: My Testimony to Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Vol I'' by Bo Hi Pak (2000), Lanham, MD: University Press of America.〕 Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, to serve on the board of directors.〔"Rabbi Joins the Board of Moonie Newspaper", ''The Palm Beach Post'', May 21, 1978〕 At the time of founding of the ''Times'' Washington had only one major newspaper, the ''Washington Post''. Massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book ''The Unification Church'', said that the ''Post'' had been "the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States."〔(excerpt ) The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Massimo Introvigne, 2000, Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7 p25〕 In 2002, at an event held to celebrate the ''Times's'' 20th anniversary, Moon said: "''The Washington Times'' is responsible to let the American people know about God" and "''The Washington Times'' will become the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world." The ''Times'' was founded the year after the ''Washington Star'', the previous "second paper" of D.C., went out of business, after operating for over a hundred years. A large percentage of the staff came from the ''Washington Star''. When the ''Times'' began, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full color front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections and color elements throughout. Although ''USA Today'' used color in the same way, it took several years for the ''Washington Post'', ''New York Times'', and others to do the same. The ''Times'' originally published its editorials and opinion columns in a physically separate Commentary section, rather than at the end of its front news section as is common practice in U.S. newspapers. It ran television commercials highlighting this fact. Later, this practice was abandoned (except on Sundays, when many other newspapers, including the ''Post'', also do it). ''The Washington Times'' also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the reader's hands than the ''Posts. This design and its editorial content attracted "real influence" in Washington.〔 When the ''Times'' began it had 125 reporters, 25 percent of them Unification Church members.〔(The Nation's Capital Gets A New Daily Newspaper ),''Washington Post'', May 17, 1982〕 In 1982 the ''Post'' criticized the ''Times'' for killing critic Scott Sublett's negative review of the movie ''Inchon'', which was also sponsored by the Unification Church. A former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, David Frum, in his 2000 book ''How We Got Here: The '70s'', wrote that Moon had granted the ''Times'' editorial independence. But some former employees, including the newspaper's first editor and publisher, James R. Whelan, have insisted that the paper was under Moon's control from the beginning. Whelan, whose contract guaranteed editorial autonomy, left the paper when the owners refused to renew the contract, asserting that "I have blood on my hands" for helping Moon acquire legitimacy.〔("Ex-Publisher Says Moon Church Ran Newspaper" ), The New York Times, Susan Rasky, July 23, 1984. Retrieved 20 June 2014.〕 Three years later, editorial page editor William P. Cheshire and four of his staff resigned, charging that, at the explicit direction of Sang Kook Han, a top official of the Unification Church, then-editor Arnaud de Borchgrave had stifled editorial criticism of political repression in South Korea.〔"Five Resign from Washington Times," The Washington Post, April 15, 1987.〕 The ''Times'' was said to have been read every day by President Ronald Reagan during his terms in office.〔(Behind the Times ) Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting August/September 1987〕 In 1997 he said: The American people know the truth. You, my friends at ''The Washington Times'', have told it to them. It wasn't always the popular thing to do. But you were a loud and powerful voice. Like me, you arrived in Washington at the beginning of the most momentous decade of the century. Together, we rolled up our sleeves and got to work. And—oh, yes—we won the Cold War.〔(Dear Leader's Paper Moon ) The American Prospect 2005-09-19〕 The ''Times'' circulation has always been much less than that of the ''Washington Post''. In 1992 the ''New York Times'' reported the ''Times'' had only one eighth the circulation of the ''Post'' (100,000 to 800,000) and that two thirds of its subscribers also subscribed to the ''Post''.〔(Washington Times Moves to Reinvent Itself ), Alex S. Jones, ''New York Times'', January 27, 1992.〕 In 1994 the ''Times'' introduced a weekly national edition, especially targeted to conservative readers nationwide.〔(Conservative Daily Tries to Expand National Niche ), New York Times, June 27, 1994〕 In 1997 the ''Washington Report on Middle East Affairs'' (which is critical of United States and Israeli policies), praised the ''Times'' (along with ''The Christian Science Monitor'' owned by the Church of Christ, Scientist), and the ''Times'' sister publication ''The Middle East Times'' for what it called their objective and informative coverage of Islam and the Middle East, while criticizing the generally pro-Israel editorial policy of the ''Times''. The ''Report'' suggested that these newspapers, being owned by churches, were less influenced by pro-Israel pressure groups in the United States.〔(As U.S. Media Ownership Shrinks, Who Covers Islam? ), ''Washington Report on Middle East Affairs'', December 1997〕 In 1998 the Egyptian newspaper ''Al-Ahram'' wrote that the ''Times'' editorial policy was "rabidly anti-Arab, anti-Muslim and pro-Israel."〔(The same old game ), ''Al-Ahram'', November 12–18, 1998, "The Washington Times is a mouthpiece for the ultra conservative right, unquestioning supporters of Israel's Likud government. The newspaper is owned by Sun Myung Moon, originally a native of North Korea and head of the Unification Church, whose ultra-right leanings make him a ready ally for Netanyahu. Whether or not Netanyahu is personally acquainted with Moon is unclear, though there is no doubt that he has established close friendships with several staff members on The Washington Times, whose editorial policy is rabidly anti-Arab, anti-Muslim and pro-Israel."〕 In 2002 the ''Times'' published a story accusing the National Educational Association (NEA), the largest teachers union in the United States, of teaching students that the policies of the U.S. government were partly to blame for the 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. This accusation was denied by the NEA and by liberal commentators. In 2002 ''Post'' veteran Ben Bradlee said, "I see them get some local stories that I think the ''Post'' doesn't have and should have had."〔(Washington 2002: Donald Graham's Washington Post )〕 Dante Chinni wrote in the ''Columbia Journalism Review'': In addition to giving voice to stories that, as Pruden says, "others miss," the ''Times'' plays an important role in Washington's journalistic farm system. The paper has been a springboard for young reporters to jobs at ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''The New York Times'', even the ''Post''. Lorraine Woellert, who worked at the ''Times'' from 1992 to 1998, says her experience there allowed her to jump directly to her current job at ''Business Week''. "I got a lot of opportunities very quickly. They appreciated and rewarded talent and, frankly, there was a lot of turnover."〔(Washington 2002: The Other Paper )〕 In his 2003 book, ''Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them): A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right'', comedian, author, and later Democratic senator Al Franken devoted a chapter to criticizing the ''Times'' after executive editor Wesley Pruden rewrote a reporter's story—without the reporter's knowledge—about Franken's performance at a White House party. According to Franken, the rewrite was made to appear as if Franken had received a negative reception, which he says was not the case.〔''Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them): A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right''. Dutton, August 29, 2003〕 In 2004 the ''Washington Post'' reported dissension between some of the ''Times'' staff and ownership over the paper's stance on international issues, including support for the United Nations.〔(Tension of the Times ) Washington Post June 18, 2004, "Insiders say the church's new line is that with the end of the Cold War, it's important to support international organizations such as the United Nations and to campaign for world peace and interfaith understanding. That stance would be awkward for the Times's hard-line editor in chief, Wesley Pruden, and its stable of neoconservative columnists."〕 In 2006 Max Blumenthal, writing in ''The Nation'', reported that the Rev. Moon's youngest son Hyun-jin "Preston" Moon—who by this time had become president and CEO of parent company News World Communications—was in the process of ousting Coombs because of his racist editorializing. Blumenthal, quoting veteran ''Times'' news reporter George Archibald and others, reported that Coombs had made a number of racist and sexist comments, and was in the process of being sued by his colleagues for his remarks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hell of a Times )〕 , home delivery of the paper in its local area was made in bright orange plastic bags, with the words "Brighter. Bolder. The Washington Times" and a slogan that changes. Two of the slogans are "The voice and choice of discerning readers" and "You're not getting it all without us." In January 2008, editor in chief Wesley Pruden retired and John F. Solomon began work as executive editor of the ''Times''. Solomon is known for his work as an investigative journalist for the Associated Press and the ''Washington Post'', and was most recently head of investigative reporting and mixed media development at the ''Post''.〔(State Native to lead DC newspaper ) ''Connecticut Post'' January 26, 2008〕〔(Ex-Washington Post Reporter to Lead a Rival ) ''New York Times'' February 11, 2008〕〔Erik Wemple, ("Playing Center: John Solomon is pushing evenhandedness at the ''Washington Times'' ), ''Washington City Paper'', February 29, 2008.〕 Within a month, the ''Times'' changed some of its style guide to conform more to what was becoming mainstream media usage. The ''Times'' announced that it would no longer use words like "illegal aliens" and "homosexual," and in most cases opt for "more neutral terminology" like "illegal immigrants" and "gay," respectively. The paper also decided to stop using "Hillary" when referring to Senator Hillary Clinton, and the word "marriage" in the expression "gay marriage" will no longer appear in quotes in the newspaper. These changes in policy drew criticism from some conservatives. ''Prospect'' magazine attributed the ''Times's'' apparent move away from the far right to differences of opinion over the United Nations and North Korea, and said: "The Republican right may be losing its most devoted media ally."〔(News and Curiosities ), ''Prospect'', September 2006〕 Also that year, the Times stopped publishing a Saturday print edition. In 2009 the ''Manila Times'' criticized the ''Washington Times'' for an editorial that it said interfered with the political process in the Philippines,〔(Not-so-invisible hand ), ''Manila Times'', July 29, 2009〕 while the ''New York Times'' criticized it for an editorial linking proposed health care reform in the United States to policies of Nazi Germany.〔(False 'Death Panel' Rumor Has Some Familiar Roots ), ''New York Times'', August 14, 2009〕〔(Baquet of 'N.Y. Times' Apologizes For 'Washington Times' Flap ), ''Editor & Publisher'', August 17, 2009〕 On November 30, 2009 the ''New York Times'' reported that the ''Washington Times'' would no longer be receiving funds from the Unification Church and might have to cease publication or go to online publication only.〔(With Tumult at the Top, Washington Times Faces Uncertainty ), ''New York Times'', November 30, 2009.〕 In December 2009 the ''Times'' announced it would lay off 40 percent of its 370 employees and stop subscription service, instead distributing the paper free in some areas of Washington including branches of the government. ''The Times'' said that it would focus on its "core strengths," which it identified as "exclusive reporting and in-depth national political coverage, enterprise and investigative reporting, geo-strategic and national security news and cultural coverage based on traditional values." A subscription website owned by the paper, theconservatives.com, continued, as did the ''Times'' three-hour radio program, "America's Morning News."〔(Large Staff Cuts Announced at the Washington Times ), ''New York Times'', December 2, 2009〕 Later that month the ''Times'' announced that it would cease publication of its Sunday edition, along with other changes partly in order to end its reliance on subsidies from the Unification Church ownership.〔('Washington Times' Dropping Sunday Edition As Part of 'Refocused' Approach ), ''Editor & Publisher'', December 21, 2009〕 On December 31, 2009, it announced that it would no longer be a full-service newspaper, eliminating its metropolitan-news and sports sections.〔(Washington Times cuts sports section, others ), ''Washington Examiner'', December 31, 2009〕〔(Eulogy for sports ), ''Washington Times'', January 3, 2010〕 In July 2010 international leaders of the Unification Church issued a letter protesting the direction the ''Times'' was taking and urging closer ties between it and the church.〔(Unification Church CEO, others respond to unsigned blog post about Washington Times ), Poynter Online (website of the Poynter Institute), July 22, 2010〕 In August 2010, a deal was made to sell the ''Times'' to a group more closely related to the church. Editor in chief Sam Dealey said that this was a welcome development among the ''Times staff.〔(Deal in Works for The Washington Times ), ''New York Times'', August 25, 2010〕 On November 2, 2010, the Rev. Moon and a group of former ''Washington Times'' editors purchased the paper from News World Communications for $1. This ended a bitter feud within the Moon family that had been threatening to shut down the paper completely. In March 2011 the ''Times'' announced that some former staffers would be rehired and that the paper would bring back its sports, metro, and life sections.〔(Washington Times relaunching Monday ), Politico, March 16, 2011〕 In June 2011, Ed Kelley, formerly of ''The Oklahoman'', was hired as editor overseeing both news and opinion content.〔(Washington Times names Ed Kelley as editor; will oversee news coverage and opinion content ), ''Washington Post'', June 10, 2011〕 In March 2013 it was announced that Herring Broadcasting would join with the Washington Times to create a new cable news network that is projected to begin broadcasting in the summer of 2013; the new network would be called One America News.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Washington Times」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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